Data and market links

Professor Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern)

Professor Damodaran publishes free, widely used valuation data every year, updated each January. It is the usual starting point for betas, country risk premiums, costs of capital and industry multiples, especially for businesses that are not listed.

• Betas by sector (global)

  Levered and unlevered betas for each industry, based on listed companies worldwide. Use it to find a beta when you value a business that is not listed.

• Betas by sector (United States)

  The same betas for US companies. Useful as a cross-check.

• Costs of capital by sector

  Cost of equity, cost of debt, debt ratios and WACC by industry. A good sanity check for the discount rate you plan to use.

• Country default spreads and risk premiums

  Country risk premiums and equity risk premiums for most countries, including the GCC, India and European markets. Updated in January and during the year.

• Implied equity risk premium (United States)

  The equity risk premium that the current US market level implies, year by year.

• Historical returns on stocks, bonds and real estate

  Annual US returns on stocks, bonds, bills and real estate since 1928.

• EV/EBITDA and other enterprise value multiples

  Average multiples by industry. Use them to test a valuation against what the market pays for similar businesses.

• PE ratios by sector

  Price-to-earnings ratios and expected growth by industry.

• Price to book ratios by sector

  Price-to-book and return on equity by industry. Often used for banks and other financial companies.

• Operating and net margins by sector

  Typical profit margins by industry, to judge whether a forecast margin is realistic.

• Working capital by sector

  Receivables, inventory and payables as a share of sales, by industry.

• Credit ratings, spreads and interest coverage

  How interest cover relates to credit rating and borrowing spread. Helpful when you think about debt capacity.

• Marginal tax rates by country

  Corporate tax rates by country, from a KPMG survey. Check the date before you rely on a rate.

• All of Damodaran's datasets

  The full index of data, with notes on how it is built and the rules for using it.

Regional versions

Damodaran also publishes the same datasets for Europe, India, emerging markets and the world as Excel files. There is no Gulf-only file, so for the GCC the emerging markets and global files are the closest starting points. Check the company list in each file to see which markets are included.

Damodaran's site notes that some browsers have trouble downloading his spreadsheets. If a download does not start, try a different browser.

Markets, charts and live data

Prices, charts and economic indicators. These are third-party services, and some features need a free account or a paid plan.

• TradingView

  Charts, quotes and screeners for shares, indices, currencies and commodities worldwide.

• TASI (Tadawul All Share Index) on TradingView

  Chart, components and ideas for the main Saudi market index.

• Trading Economics

  Economic indicators, interest rates, inflation, currencies and stock indices for almost every country.

• Saudi Arabia stock market (TASI) on Trading Economics

  TASI level, history and forecasts, with Saudi economic indicators alongside.

• Saudi Exchange (Tadawul): TASI index performance

  Official delayed index levels, movers and key parameters for TASI.

• Investing.com

  Quotes, charts, economic calendars and news for global markets.

• Yahoo Finance

  Quotes, historical prices and financial statements for listed companies.

Standards and valuation guidance

The rules behind financial statements and valuations.

• IFRS Foundation

  The body that publishes IFRS accounting standards.

• International Valuation Standards Council (IVSC)

  Publishes the International Valuation Standards used by valuers worldwide.

Interest rates, inflation and economic data

Inputs for discount rates, growth assumptions and forecasts.

• FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis)

  Free interest rate, inflation and economic series, including US Treasury yields.

• IMF World Economic Outlook

  Growth and inflation forecasts for almost every country.

• World Bank Open Data

  Economic and development indicators by country.

• OECD Data

  Economic statistics for OECD members and partner countries.

GCC markets and regulators

Exchanges, regulators and statistics for the Gulf.

• Saudi Exchange

  The Saudi stock exchange: prices, listed company disclosures and market data.

• Capital Market Authority (Saudi Arabia)

  The securities regulator in Saudi Arabia.

• Saudi Central Bank (SAMA)

  Monetary policy, interest rates and banking statistics for Saudi Arabia.

• General Authority for Statistics (Saudi Arabia)

  Official economic and demographic statistics.

• Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX)

  Listed companies and market data in Abu Dhabi.

• Dubai Financial Market (DFM)

  Listed companies and market data in Dubai.

• Qatar Stock Exchange

  Listed companies and market data in Qatar.

• Boursa Kuwait

  Listed companies and market data in Kuwait.

• Bahrain Bourse

  Listed companies and market data in Bahrain.

• Muscat Stock Exchange

  Listed companies and market data in Oman.

India

Exchanges, regulators and data for Indian businesses.

• National Stock Exchange of India (NSE)

  Listed company prices, disclosures and indices.

• BSE

  Listed company prices, disclosures and indices.

• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

  The securities regulator in India.

• Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

  Interest rates, exchange rates and banking data.

• Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)

  Company registration and filings in India.

Europe

Central bank, regulator, statistics and exchange sources for Europe.

• European Central Bank (ECB)

  Euro area interest rates, exchange rates and economic data.

• Eurostat

  Official statistics for the European Union.

• European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)

  The EU securities markets regulator.

• Euronext

  A pan-European exchange group with listed company data.

• Companies House (United Kingdom)

  Company filings for the United Kingdom.

Company filings

Annual reports and filings for listed companies.

• SEC EDGAR

  Filings by US-listed companies, including many global groups.